CLS421 QUESTION

 

1)      Filling in the blank

 

a)      ………metastasizing ……………   is the ability  of cancer cells to move independently and invade other tissues

 

b)     ………… neoplasm ………….. population of cells growing out of control

 

c)      …………necrosis………… . death of tissue through injury or disease specially in localized area of the body.

d)      ………abscess ……………..cavity containing buss (liquid containing dead WBC and bacteria)

 

2). Match the cellular response normally seen in cells with the stimuli (description):

 (1.      c     ) -Chronic irritation (chemical or physical)                       a) Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy

(2.       a     ) -Increased demand, increased trophic stimulation          b) Atrophy

 (3.     d      )  -Reduced oxygen supply, chemical injury, infection    c) Metaplasia

(4.      e      ) - Metabolic alterations, genetic or acquired                      d) Injury/Necrosis/Apoptosis 

                                                                                                   e) Calcifications/Intracellular accumulations

3 ) MCQ  questions

  1)   Most forms of pathologic hyperplasia are caused by excessive hormonal stimulation or growth factors acting on target cells. If a patient had hyperplasia of the endometrium ,  which of the following is the most likely?

a) Increased risk of miscarriage

 b) Decreased risk of miscarriage

c) Increased risk of endometrial cancer

 d) Decreased risk of endometrial cancer

 

 

 

2) Characterized by the onset of petechiae and purpura due to bleeding  under the skin

 a) Hemophilia A

 

b) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

 

c)

 

  acute myelogenous leukemia

  

d) acute myelogenous leukemia

 

3 )	Monocytes in connective tissue

 

a) monocytes

 

b) macrophages

 

c) histiocytes

 

d) neutrophils

 

 

4) Neoplasm of gland tissue or gland pattern

 

a)

glioma

 

b)

chondroma

 

c)	adenocarcinoma

 

d)	sarcoma

 

5)Disease due to absent or defective synthesis of alpha/beta chains of adult hemoglobin

 

a)	hemolytic anemia

 

b)	sickle cell anemia

 

c)          thalassemia

 

 

d)          iron deficiency anemia

 

6) chronic inflammation is characterized by all of the below except

A ) tissue destruction

b ) infiltration with neutrophils

c ) fibrosis

d ) increased tissue concentration of lymphocytes

 

7) Which of the following is not characteristic of an innate immune response?

 
a) increase in blood levels of specific antibodies.

b) increase in phagocytic cells at the site of infection
c) activation of complement

d)  Inflammation

 

 

 

 

4) combairsation : Give 2 differences

 

a) Describe the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?

 

 

 

 

b) Describe the Difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity

 

 

 

 

 

5) case study questions:

1)      A 43-year-old man has complained of mild burning substernal pain following meals for the past 3 years. Upper GI endoscopy is performed and biopsies are taken of an erythematous area of the lower esophageal mucosa 3 cm above the gastroesophageal junction. There is no mass lesion, no ulceration, and no hemorrhage noted. The biopsies show the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Which of the following mucosal alterations is most likely represented by these findings?

A Dysplasia

B Hyperplasia

C Carcinoma

DMetaplasia

2)  A 19-year-old woman gives birth to her first child. She begins breast feeding the infant. She continues breast feeding for almost a year with no difficulties and no complications. Which of the following cellular processes that began in the breast during pregnancy allowed her to nurse the infant for this period of time?

A Stromal hypertrophy

BSteatocyte atrophy

CDuctal epithelial metaplasia

DLobular hyperplasia

3) A 90-year-old woman has developed a fever and cough over the past 2 days. Staphylococcus aureus is cultured from her sputum. She receives a course of antibiotic therapy. Two weeks later she no longer has a productive cough, but she still has a fever. A chest radiograph reveals a 3 cm rounded density in the right lower lobe whose liquefied contents form a central air-fluid level. There are no surrounding infiltrates. Which of the following is the best description for this outcome of her pneumonia?

A Hypertrophic scar

B Abscess formation

C Regeneration

D Bronchogenic carcinoma

4) 9-year-old boy has a sore throat. A throat culture grows group A hemolytic streptococcus. He receives antibiotic therapy. However, 17 days later he develops dark-coloured urine. Laboratory studies show (+) blood on urinalysis. A renal biopsy is performed. On immunofluorescence staining the biopsy shows granular deposition of IgG and complement around glomerular capillary loops

 

What is the proper diagnosis ?

a)          Rheumatic Fever 

b)        Type IVhypersensitivity

c)         glomerulonephritis

d)        Myasthenia Gravis

 

5) A healthy 22-year-old woman undergoes a routine physical examination. A discrete, firm, rubbery, movable mass is found in the left breast. She has no axillary lymphadenopathy. The skin overlying the breast and the nipple appear normal.


Which of the following neoplasms is most likely to be present?
a. Lipoma
b. Intraductal carcinoma
c. Malignant lymphoma
d. Fibroadenoma
e. Leiomyoma