(331Chem (PHASES OF SUBSTANCES AND SOLUTIONS

PHASES OF MATTER:

  The gas phase: Kinetic theory of gases, speeds and kinetic energy and effect of temperature, collisions, molecular properties. The liquid phase: Kinetic theory of liquids intermolecular forces between ions different particles, vaporization and solidification, properties of liquids. The solid phase: Kinetic theory of solids, crystalline and amorphous solids. The phase’s equilibrium: Heating and cooling curves and thermal changes, equilibrium between two phases and between the three phases, phase diagram.
 

SOLUTIONS:

  Thermodynamics of solutions: molar partial quantities, chemical potential, mixing. Nonelectrolytic solutions: ideal and real solutions, colligative properties, real solutions, solvent and solute activities. Electrolytic solutions: hydration of ions, Born model, Debye-Huckel model, activity coefficient, application of Debye-Huckel theory on solubility and dissociation. Transport properties of electrolytic solutions: electrolytic conductance, ionic mobility, transport number, diffusion, transition, transport.
 

COLLOID:

  Formation of colloidal dispersions, colloid stability, association of colloids, macromolecules as colloids, emulsions.