Organic Chemistry (1) (240 chem)

Credit hours: 2(2+0+0)

Course general Description:

Introduction: carbon compounds, chemical bonds (ionic, covalent), atomic and molecular orbitals, hybridization, polarity and inductive effect.

•     Alkanes: alkyl groups, structural isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, physical properties, sources), synthesis (hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbon, hydrolysis of grignard reagent, reduction of alkyl halides by lithium dialkyl cuprate, wurtz reaction, from carboxylic acids), reactions (combustion, halogenation).

•     Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, ring strain, geometrical isomerism and ring opening reactions).

•     Alkenes, cyclohexenes and Alkynes: IUPAC nomenclature, geometrical isomerism, physical properties, synthesis (dehydrohalogenation, from vicinal dihalides, dehydration of alcohols). reactions (acidity of terminal alkynes, addition reactions (reduction, halogenation, addition of hx – Markovnikov rule, carbonium ions and their stability, reaction mechanism), addition in the presence of peroxides, hydration, halohydrin formation), oxidation of alkenes (KMnO4, peroxides and ozonolysis).

•     Conjugated Dienes: allyl radical and stability, allyl cation, 1,3-butadiene-electron delocalization, resonance and the stability of conjugated dienes, 1,4-addition and 1,4-cycloaddition reactions of diene.

•     Stereochemistry: structural isomers and stereoisomerism, enantiomers, diastereomers and chirality, d and l, the r-s system, resolution, molecules with more than one chiral carbon, reactions of chiral molecules: inversion, racemization.

•     Aromatic compound: aromatic character, Hukel rule, nomenclature, electrophilic substitution reactions (alkylation, acylation, halogenation, sulphonation, nitration; reaction mechanism), side chain halogenation.

 

References and Learning Resources

1) Organic Chemistry, Francis A. Carey, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill Company 2007.

2)  Fundamental of Organic Chemistry, T. W. Graham Solomons and Craig Fryhle, 7th ed. John Wiley&Son, New York (latest)

3)  Organic chemistry: A short course by I Harold Hart, David J. Hart and Leslie E. Craine, Houghton Mifflin Company, USA, 2012.

4) Fundamental of Organic Chemistry, Pro. Hassan Al-Hazimi and Mohamed Al-Hassan, Dar Alkharigy 4th 1421H (Arabic Edition)

Supportive References

أسس الكيمياء العضوية - أ.د./ سالم بن سليم الذياب - الناشر: مؤسسة نافثة

Organic Chemistry, Morrison & Boyd, 6th. Ed. Prentice Hall International Editions.