Novel Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Alstonia venenata Leaf Extract: An Enhanced Mosquito Larvicidal Agent with Negligible Impact on Important Eco-biological Fish and Insects
Govindarajan1,3, Venkattan Esan1 • Shahid Mahboob2 • Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 • Chakkaravarthy Elanchezhiyan1 • Fahad Al-Misned2 • Zubair Ahmed2 • Marimuthu . 2020
Bio-fabrication of metal nanocrystals can be achieved using eco-friendly and cost-effective routes with plants as reducing
and capping mediators. A rapid and simple method for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the plant Alstonia
venenata (R. Br.) (Family: Apocynaceae) was investigated. The mosquito larvicidal potential and the effect of the A.
venenata aqueous leaf extract and AgNPs on non-target fish and insects were evaluated. The AgNPs were studied using
UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM, and XRD analysis. The larvicidal effectiveness on early
third instar larvae was higher for the AgNPs than the plant extract; this was observed by testing on Anopheles stephensi
(LC50 = 12.28 lg/mL), Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 13.49 lg/mL), and Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 14.50 lg/mL). Furthermore,
the plant extract and AgNPs were found to be safe for the environment-friendly Gambusia affinis fish, and
Anisops bouvieri and Diplonychus indicus aquatic insects. This study confirmed that A. venenata is a potential bio-resource
for the fabrication of nanocrystals as an effective mosquito control tool with negligible harmful on aquatic fish and insects
in the environment.
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