Mock Test
Mid-term Example
1 Phonetics Transcribe the following words. Describe the underlined sounds in terms of place and manner of articulation, voice, and – for vowels – in terms of height, backness, roundness and lax-tense distinction. ship wrong plan meet flu this hot breath Jaye cow
2 Phonology (data from Frommer & Finegan) The following is the data from Irish. /ç/ is a voiceless palatal fricative, /x/ is a voiceless velar fricative. xi:çə ‘ever, forever’ xun ‘towards’ lox ‘lake’ çi: ‘see’ ʃi:xa:ntə ‘peaceful’ xu:b ‘coop’ braxi: ‘bleary’ ço:l ‘music’ çu:b ‘cube’ i:çə ‘nocturnal’ i:xtərəx ‘lower’ xan ‘not’ ʃeçəv ‘sequence’ çal in interrogatives, used for question formation If you have two sounds and the sounds contrast, do the two represent two phonemes or one phoneme? If you have two sounds and the sounds are allophones, do the two sounds represent two phonemes or one phoneme? Determine whether /ç/ and /x/ in Irish are phonemes or allophones. Justify your answer: if they are phonemes show minimal pairs, if they are allophones – show their distribution.
Morphology 1. Analyze the following words into morphemes, identify their lexical category and specify whether they are members of an open or closed class. List the morphemes that make up the words (numbers of slots does not indicate the number of morphemes), indicate for each morpheme if it is a stem/prefix/suffix, if it is a bound or a free morpheme, and for prefixes and suffixes – whether they are derivational or inflectional. unhappiness Lexical category____________ Open/Closed____________ Morphemes Stem/Pref/Suf Bound/Free Inflec/Derivat ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ __________ ___________ ____________ ____________ beautifully Lexical category____________ Open/Closed____________ Morphemes Stem/Pref/Suf Bound/Free Inflec/Derivat ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ __________ ___________ ____________ ____________ reappears Lexical category____________ Open/Closed____________ Morphemes Stem/Pref/Suf Bound/Free Inflec/Derivat ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________ ____________ ____________ __________ ___________ ____________ ____________ 2. Identify what kind of word formation process was involved in creation of the following words: Tarrif-free zone NATO Motel Kleenex Sputnik