Course Description
Course:
Department : Clinical Laboratory Sciences
Course Number : CLS 322
Course Title : Histological Techniques
Credit Hours : 1 + 1 = 2
Course Description:
This course will provide the student with the basic knowledge in the techniques of tissue preparation, staining and examination under the light microscope. Knowledge will be focused mainly on the paraffin technique; however, other histological methods will be covered. Also, the student will be instructed how to use the light microscope properly. An idea about other types of microscope will be provided.
CLS 322: Lectures Outline
Weeks Subjects
1. Introduction to Microtechniques
Lab tools, rules & safety
2. Different histological methods (paraffin, celloidin, cryostat)
Fresh unfixed tissue; teased, squashed, smear, impression, frozen techniques
Tissue processing (manual, automated)
3. Upon obtaining the specimen
Narcotization
Steps of tissue preparation
4. Fixation (purpose, effects, methods, types)
5. Dehydration and clearing
6. Infiltration and embedding
Types of wax, other embedding media
7. Sectioning: 1) Microtome, Types, components,
techniques, and care
2) Microtome knife; types, sharpening
3) Sectioning
Affixation and mounting
8. Staining: Definitions
Theory, mechanism, Types,
9. Principle of light microscope,
Theory of magnification & resolution
Components, Definitions
10. Dark field microscope,
Fluorescent microscope
11. Polarized microscope
Phase contrast microscope
12. Discussion
13. Revision
CLS 322: Laboratory Schedule
Weeks Subjects
1. Lab orientation:
Equipments, machines, rules and principles
2. Preparation of fixatives
Demonstration of cutting, draining and drying
3. Demonstration of staining
Practice cutting, draining and drying
4. Demonstration of automatic processing
Demonstration of Erchlich staining
How to make tissue blocks
5. Demonstration of knife sharpening (honing, stropping)
Tissue mounting
6. Practice on sectioning and mounting
Perls Prussian blue method
7. Further practice on sectioning
8. Haematoxylin, Types, Preparation
9. Connective tissue staining:
PAS, Alcian blue staining
Van Gisson, Trichrome stain
10. Decalcification
11. Practical methods on microscopy
Micrometry
12. Practice
13. REVESION
14. FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM
Assessments:
First Mid Term Examination 15
Second Mid Term Examination 15
Final Practical Examination 30
Final Written Examination 40
References:
J. Bancroft and Alan Stevens, Theory and Practice in Histological Techniques, 4th ed., Churchill Livingstone, N Y.
ISBN. 044302006x