Types and classification of rocks. Formation of soils. Weight-volume relationships. Consistency limits. Classification of soils. Soil compaction. Permeability and seepage. Total and effective stress principle. Soil stresses using elastic theory.

This course will consist of one tone-hour lecture and one two-hour lab per week over a period of ten weeks. It will cover selection and dispensation of eyewear, management of an eyewear dispensary, lens specifications and their verification, multifocal lenses, special lenses, aniseikonic lenses, optical principles of low vision aids, contact lens optics, protective eyewear.

This course will be covered in one hour of lectures and two hours of labs per week. Principles of optical systems, principles and clinical applications of apertures and stops, basic photometric concepts, measurement of light levels, applications in ergonomics as well as selected topics in physical optics such as diffraction, interference, polarization, birefringence and lasers will be covered in this course.