his course will provide the student with the basic knowledge of the theory and practical aspect in the diagnosis of tumour cells and non-malignant conditions. This can be achieved by microscopic examination of smears prepared from exfoliated cells or fine needle aspirated material. The course will enable the student to identify through the microscope, the normal and malignant cells by which malignant tumours can be diagnosed. The students also will be trained in the different technical methods applied in smears preparation and self precautives from contacting infections