Green and eco-friendly synthesis of palladium nanoparticles NPs is carried out under
facile and eco-friendly conditions using an aqueous solution of Salvadora persica L. (SP) root
extract (RE) as a bioreductant, which is commonly known as Miswak. The as-synthesized Pd
NPs were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including, UV–
Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, ICP-MS and TEM. Detailed investigations of the
Pd NPs have confirmed that the polyphenolic phytomolecules present in the RE of Miswak not only

The synthesis of Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by green methods has attracted remarkable
attention in recent years because of its superiority above chemical approaches, owing to its low cost
and ecological compatibility. In this present work, we describe a facile and environmentally friendly
synthesis of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using an aqueous extract of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L.
(OV) as a bioreductant. This plant is available in many parts of the world as well as in Saudi Arabia

Microbicidal potential of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) can be drastically improved by
improving their solubility or wettability in the aqueous medium. In the present study, we report the
synthesis of both green and chemical synthesis of Ag-NPs, and evaluate the effect of the dispersion
qualities of as-prepared Ag-NPs from both methods on their antimicrobial activities. The green
synthesis of Ag-NPs is carried out by using an aqueous solution of readily available Salvadora persica L.

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Plectranthus cylindraceus and Plectranthus
arabicus grown in Saudi Arabia were analyzed using gas chromatography techniques (GC–MS,
GC–FID, Co-GC, LRI determination, and database and literature searches) using two different
stationary phase columns (polar and nonpolar). The analysis led to the characterization of a total
of 157 different compounds from both oils. In the oil derived from P. cylindraceus, 79 compounds

The chemical components of essential oils derived from leaves and flowers of Lantana
camara growing in Saudi Arabia are analyzed for the first time using gas chromatography techniques
(GC–MS, GC–FID, Co-GC, LRI determination, and database and literature searches) on
two different stationary phase columns (polar and nonpolar). This analysis led to the identification
of total 163 compounds from leaves and flowers oils. 134 compounds were identified in the oil
obtained from leaves of L. camara, whereas 127 compounds were identified in the oil obtained from