The present study evaluated the effects of water pollution on Cirrhinus mrigala in the Ravi River by comparing DNA
extracted non-invasively from their scales to DNA extracted from the scales of fish collected from controlled fish farm.
A single, random sampling was conducted. Fish were broadly categorised into three weight categories: W1 (500 to 1000
g), W2 (1001 to 1500 g) and W3 (1501 to 2000 g). DNA was extracted non-invasively from control and experimental