Water quality assessment of River Nile has been studied in the Upper Egypt region between April 2011 and March 2012 to detect the correlation between physicochemical parameters and microbiological characteristics. Thirty six water samples

Hundred and thirty eight (138) bacteria were isolated from 3 different areas on Red Sea governorate, Egypt. Among these

138 moderately halophilic isolates, 2.17%, 3.6%, 6.5%, 9.4%, and 7.2% of the isolates were resistant up to 5mM Cd

1. Background
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) are gram-negative bacteria that produce the enzyme, β-lactamase, which can break down commonly used antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporins, making infections with ESBL producing bacteria more difficult to treat. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were first reported in 1983 from Germany, and since then a steady increase in resistance against cephalosporins has been seen causing health problems.
Objectives: