A comprehensive study of a specialized subject among organic chemistry; i.e. industrial organic chemistry technology, multi-nuclear NMR, ...etc.

Organic Chemistry (2) Organic halides (IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Synthesis, Grignard reagents, Nucleophilic substitution SN1, SN2. E1, E2 mechanism). IUPAC nomenclature, Classification, Physical properties, Synthesis, Reactions of the following organic classes: Alcohols and Thiols; Ethers, Epoxides and Sulphides; Phenols, Aldehydes and Ketones; Carboxylic acids and Their Derivatives, Amines.

Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry Heterocycles, Nomenclature, Aromaticity, Five-membered heterocycles: Pyrroles, Indoles, Diazoles, Synthesis, Reactions, Cycloaddition Reactions, Six-membered heterocycles, Pyridine, quinoline, Basicity, Synthesis, Reactions. Heterocyclic compounds versus microbes, Antibiotics, antitumors and as Dyes. Biologically important Heterocycles, Uracils and Purins. Carbohydrates, Definition, Nomenclature, Classification, Monosaccarides: absolute configuration, cyclic structures, oxidation, reduction, osazones, ascorbic acid, amino sugars.

Advanced Organic Synthesis Oxidation-reduction reactions. Application of modern synthetic reactions in C-C bond and multi step organic synthesis

Introduction, Secondary metabolites, isolation, separation and structural identification. Isoprenoids: Terpenes, classification, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Steroids: Triterpenoids and Sterols, Cardinolides, Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Steroids (Acetate Pathway). Alkaloids, Classification, Examples:Pyrrolidines, Piperidenes, Isoquinolines, Quinolines, Indoles and Purines. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids(Amino acid Pathway).Alkaloids, Examples: Flavonoids, Anthraquinones, Coumarins, Xanthones, and Polyketide pathway