Cadmium oxide CdO nanostructured thin films are synthesized using sol-gel spin coating method. The prepared samples of CdO thin films are irradiated with 10 mJ laser from pulsed Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 and 532 nm wavelength. The samples were exposed to 45 pulses of 7 ns pulse duration. Morphology and structural analysis were carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Optical investigations were obtained with spectrometer and fluorospectrometer from Shimadzu.

The powder α-Eu2(MoO4)3 sample was prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The phase purity of the final powder product was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The constituent element core levels and valence band are measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of Ar+ ion (2.5 keV, 7–8 μA/cm2) bombardment time. The formation of Mo5+ and Mo4+states at high bombardment times was detected. The Eu–O and Mo–O bonding was considered in comparison with other Eu3+- and Mo6+-containing oxides using binding energy difference parameters.

This paper is focusing on simulation and analyzing of S-band multi-wavelength Brillouin–Raman fiber laser performance utilizing fiber Bragg grating and Raman amplifier in ring cavity. Raman amplifier-average power model is employed for signal amplification. This laser system is operates in S-band wavelength region due to vast demanding on transmitting the information.