Diabetic wounds represent an added burden for diabetic patients and health care
providers worldwide as they have low healing potential and residual ulceration due to
associated neuropathy and vasculopathy [1]. Wound healing consists of overlapping but
coordinated processes, including homeostasis, inflammation, granulation tissue formation
and tissue remodeling [2]. An array of cytokines, growth factors, immune and inflammatory
mediators, as well as their associated signaling cascades, are involved in tissue regeneration

Honey is a natural sweet material made by honeybees from floral nectar, plant secretion or
excretion of insects (which suck the sap from living plant parts), that honeybees collect,
modify and intermix with their own particular substances, deposit and leave it in the cells
of the comb to ripen and mature (MENDES et al., 1998).
Humans have used honey as a reliable sweetener for centuries. Honey holds a particular
place in the food and medical industries, and it has been regarded as a highly nutritive
food in many civilizations (FEÁS et al., 2010 a).

Beekeeping is traditionally a longstanding and
environmentally friendly agricultural activity in Saudi
Arabia. This activity contributes to the country’s
economic and social development by providing
sustainable additional income and self-employment
opportunities for approximately 5,000 household
beekeepers in the Kingdom (Al-Ghamdi, 2010). There
are an estimated one million honeybee colonies in Saudi
Arabia. The major types of honeybee races used in the
country are the indigenous honeybees

The African and temperate European races of honey bees, Apis mellifera, differ significantly in the extent to which they invest their basic resources. The former group of bees exhibit adaptations geared toward brood rearing and subsequent reproductive swarming; while the latter, towards massive storage of resources (Hepburn and Radloff, 1998). It has been inferred that tropical bees are continuously selected to invest more in brood rearing to compensate for losses as a result of predator and climatic pressures (Seeley, 1985). Indeed, African races of A.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease that is characterized by alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids. DM compromises the immune system, increases the incidence of infection, and impairs wound healing. Many factors are involved in
influencing the prevalence of DM; these include age, sex, genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic status, modern lifestyle and environmental factors
(Zargar et al., 2000; Kadiki and Roaeid 2001).