Acacia form part of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae), the
third-largest family of flowering plants. Legumes are of
significant economic importance, second only to the cereals
(Heywood et al., 2007). Acacias are essentially woody
plants in many tropical and subtropical arid regions of the
world (Ross, 1981), which accounts for their significant
biomass (Wickens, 1995). These plants are an important
sources of firewood, timber, forage, gum, tannins, fiber,
food, folk medicine, and are also useful for environmental

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic T-cell–mediated autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of insulin-secreting β-cells [1].

Honey bee plants are those plant species that provide bees with
food sources in the form of nectar and/or pollen. According to
Crane (1990), only 16% of the world’s flowering plant species
contribute to honey bees as food sources. Moreover, not all
bee plants are equally important to bees and honey production.
Indeed, only 1.6% of the world’s honey bee plants are
the sources of most of the world’s honey (Crane, 1990). This
indicates that for every geographical region there are very
few important honey source plants and it is of paramount

Apis mellifera jemenitica is autochthonous to a
large area of the Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia,
Yemen and Oman) and it also occurs in vast areas of
Africa in the Sahel climatic zone (Ruttner, 1988;
Hepburn and Radloff, 1998). The bees are reported as the
smallest honey bee race of Apis mellifera that overlaps
with Apis cerana for many of its morphological values
(Ruttner, 1988). Moreover, Al-Ghamdi et al. (2013)
reported that in A. m. jemenitica of the Arabian Peninsula
some of the morphological characters related to their