In this paper, a perturbation expansion technique is introduced to decompose the tracking error of a general adaptive tracking algorithm in a linear regression model. This method allow to obtain tracking error bound but also tight approximate expressions for the moments of the tracking error. These expressions allow to evaluate, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the impact of several factors on the tracking error performance which have been overlooked in previous contributions

Beta adrenergic receptors are crucial for their role in rhythmic contraction of heart along with their role in the pathological conditions such as tachycardia and high risk of heart failure. Studies report that the levels of beta-1 adrenergic receptor tend to decrease by 50%, whereas, the levels of beta-2 adrenergic receptor remains constant during the risk of heart failure.