We studied beneficial difference of the skin of two snakes. Two snakes were chosen from two different habitats and two families: Colubridae (Natrix tessellata) and Viperidae (Cerastes vipera). The investigations were performed by light and electron microscopy. Histologically, the skin of the studied species show pronounced modifications that correlated with functional demands. The scales in Natrix tessellata overlapped slightly, while in Cerastes vipera they were highly overlapped.

The present investigation aimed to show the differences in the development of sensorimotor reflexes and their relationship to the structural changes in spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex in three rodent species. The three species are albino rats (A-Rats), black-hooded rats (B-Rats) and albino mice. The development of selected reflexes was examined from day (D1) to D21. The structural changes were investigated at D7, D14, and D21.

Acrylamide has been employed as an experimental probe to investigate biochemical and morphological changes in developing rat liver following toxin administration in pregnant rats. Non-anesthetized pregnant rats were given acrylamide by gastric intubation at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of pancreatic β cells, followed by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and the subsequent extensive impairment of immune cell functions, a phenomenon responsible for the development of chronic diabetic complications. Propolis, a natural bee product that is extensively used in foods and beverages, significantly benefits human health. Specifically, propolis exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that may improve diabetic complications.

Diabetes is the most prevalent disease, and the number of people affected by this disease is still
increasing. This study was conducted to assess the effect of whey proteins (WPs) on the spleen tissues of diabetic rats.
Data showed that a significant decrease in the total body weight was recorded in diabetic animals compared with the
non-diabetic control ones. The extent of this weight loss was significantly less in the WP–treated diabetic group.
Relative spleen weight in the diabetic animals revealed that splenic atrophy was more pronounced compared to those

The skin of limbless squamates has an increased contact with the substrate compared with limbed counterparts. Comparatively, the contact with the substrate is intensified in fossorial species, where the whole circumference of the body interacts with the soil during underground locomotion. Although fossoriality in Squamata, specifically lizards and snakes, has been studied ecologically and morphologically (e.g., osteological changes), not enough detail is yet available regarding changes in organs critical for underground lifestyle such as the skin.

The morphology of many organisms seems to be related to the environments in which they live. Many snakes are so similar in their morphological patterns that it becomes quite difficult to distinguish any adaptive divergence that may have occurred. Many authors have suggested that the microstructure of the reptile's scales has important functional value.

Acrylamide is known to cause neurotoxicity in the experimental animals and humans. The literature on its neurotoxic effect in the adult animals is huge, but the effect of acrylamide on the embryonic and postnatal development is relatively less understood. The present study examined its effects on the development of external features and cerebellum in albino rats. Acrylamide was orally administered to non-anesthetized pregnant females by gastric intubation 10 mg/kg/day. The animals were divided into three groups as follows.