The Honeybee Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1761) is naturally spread in Europe, Africa and
Western Asia (MIGUEL et al. 2011). Based on morphometry, 26 subspecies have been identified
and clustered into four evolutionary lineages (RUTTNER 1988, SHEPPARD et al. 1997,
ENGEL 1999, SHEPPARD & MEIXNER 2003, MIGUEL et al. 2011). In Saudi Arabia, Apis mellifera
exists throughout the country, especially in the southern and western regions next to the
Red Sea coast, from Tabouk (29°00’N, 37°20’E) in the north near the Jordan border to Jazan

Modeling of honeybee and mite population dynamics
بناء نموذج محاكاة لتطور حياة نحل العسل وحلم الفاروا

The summer season in Saudi Arabia is hot and arid, which negatively
affects beekeeping activities and results in great colony losses each year. Not
all regions of Saudi Arabia are suitable for beekeeping in summer (Abou-
Shaaraet al., 2013) and the summer temperature in some regions of Saudi
Arabia could reach to 45°C (Al-Qarni, 2006). Honey bee colonies require
specific microclimatic conditions within their colonies including temperature
from 33 to 36°C (Petzet al., 2004) and relative humidity approximately 75 %

The widespread existence of unhealed wounds, ulcers, and burns has a great impact on
public health and economy. Many interventions, including new medications and
technologies, are being used to help achieve significant wound healing and to eliminate
infections. Therefore, to find an intervention that has both therapeutic effect on the
healing process and the ability to kill microbes is of great value. Honey is a natural
product that has been recently introduced in modern medical practice. Honey’s

The standard Langstroth beehive is commonly
used in beekeeping around the world. However,
the challenges of environmental conditions,
especially extremely hot or cold weather, have
caused many researchers to suggest modifications
to the standard beehive. Some standard
beehive modifications have enhanced the performance
of honey bees under cold conditions.
Some examples of these cold-based modifications
are heated and heated-fan beehives
(Erdogan et al., 2009), beehives containing

Honey has been used as a medicine throughout the ages and has recently been reintroduced to modern medical practice. Much of the research to date has addressed honey's antibacterial properties and its effects on wound healing. Laboratory studies and clinical trials have shown that honey is an effective broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. Honey antimicrobial action explains the external and internal uses of honey.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with
hypercholesterolemia, hypertension (HTN) and diabetes
mellitus (DM). Atherosclerosis, which is due to endothelial
dysfunction, is the main cause of CVD. Cardiovascular disorders
remain the leading cause of death worldwide.1 Obese
and diabetic patients have a high risk of dying from complications
associated with CVD.
In addition to normal BMI and blood pressure, maintaining
normal levels of serum homocysteine, C-reactive protein

The present research describes the histology of larval and pupal stage in Queen and worker honeybees Apis mellifera jemenatica Ruttner (Hymenoptera: Apidae).The results show that, this insect has been found differences between larva and pupa of both the Queen and the worker entry of with each other as well as different at different ages for them.