Ants have colonized almost every place on earth and are
reported to thrive in most ecosystems, amounting to 15–25% of
the terrestrial animal biomass (Schultz, 2000). The significant
role of ants in terrestrial ecosystems is well recognized
(Holway et al., 2002), including as important biological control
agents for agricultural pests (Way & Khoo, 1992; Philpott &
Armbrecht, 2006), in soil improvement and in nutrient cycling
(Gotwald, 1986; Frouz & Jilkov`a, 2008). Although some ant

Hypopharyngeal glands (HPG) or brood food glands are located
in worker honey bees’ head and produce protein aqueous
secretions (Jelly). These secretions are fed to the larvae and
queens (Crailshem, 1991, 1992). The diameters of HPG are often
used to describe the physiological status of worker honeybees.
The normal course of development of these glands (size
of acini) is well known (Maurizio, 1954; Simpson et al.,
1968; Moritz and Crailsheim, 1987; Crailsheim and Stolberg,
1989).

The body of honey bee castes (queen, workers and drones) is covered with cuticular lipids. Lipids contain various compounds, including wax esters, alcohols, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerols (Nation 2002). Roles for these lipids have been suggested, including nestmate recognition (Breed, Stiller 1992) and protecting the body from desiccation (Jones 1954; Gibbs 1995) especially regarding the long-chain hydrocarbons (Gibbs 1998). Similar characteristics have also been detected in the lipids of honey bee eggs (worker-laid eggs and queen-laid eggs).

This study deals with the histological structure of the midgut
of the queen and worker in the Yemeni honey race Apis mellifera
jemenatica Ruttner, 1976. where the results revealed the accuracy
and the miracle of the histological structure of this insect; indeed,
several differences were found out in larvae of queen and worker
as well as in the different ages of each of its stages. The midgut
passes through metamorphosis in different degree of development.
In larval stage we studying 3rd and 5th instar, in case of queen and

Comparative study Between Subspecies of Apis mellifera for Egg Hatching and Sealed Brood Percentage Brood Nest Temperature and Relative Humidity

The honey bee, Apis mellifera L. 1758, is naturally found throughout Europe, Africa and Western Asia (Miguel et al., 2011). In recent years, based on morphometry, 26 subspecies have been identified and clustered into four evolutionary lineages (Ruttner, 1988; Sheppard et al., 1997; Engel, 1999; Sheppard and Meixner, 2003; Miguel et al., 2011).