Introduction to the importance of ecology, ecology and man, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, ecosystem components, biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem equilibrium, energy, food chains, trophic levels, energy flow in biosphere, species diversity, relationship between ecological factors and terrestrial and aquatic animals. Terrestrial and aquatic populations and communities, introduction to pollution, particles, gases, ozone layer, heavey metals, oil, radiations, noise and food pollution.

This course will cover the basic concepts in ecology, ecosystem and its components. Types of ecosystems of the world. Levels of biodiversity (plants, animals, microbes,.... etc). Relationships between organisms and ecosystems. Biodiversity in desert, rangelands and forests. Biodiversity in aquatic ecosystem.

Characteristics of aquatic and terrestrial animal populations (natality rate, mortality rate, density, age distribution). Population growth, effect of a biotic factors on population growth (aquatic & terrestrial). Inter-intera--relationships. Population cycles, community changes, desert animal community

Ecological introduction, species and population characteristics, ecological equilibrium, and its importance in extinction control, wildlife in Saudi Arabia (Aquatic and terrestrial), the importance of animal conservation, endangered species, protected areas in KSA, management of terrestrial and aquatic animals.

Introduction, scientific expressions, scientific priciples and concepst, animal surveys and concept of experimental animal sampling, random sampling techniques, methods of summarizing animal data, graphical representation of data, estimation, regression, correlation, Chi Square, estimation of grwth, and scientific writing.

This course aims to provide students with basic concepts of cell types, cell molecules, cell organelles, enzymes, energy production, cellular respiration, cell cycle: meiosis and sexual life cycles, Mendel and the gene idea, and chemical signals in animals.