Random and highly aligned bead-free chitosan nanofibers (NFs) were successfully prepared via electrospinning by keeping the applied voltage (22 kV), flow rate (0.4 mL h−1 ), needle diameter (0.8 mm), and needle to collector distance (100 mm) constant while varying the solution concentration and collector rotation speed. No electrospinning was observed for lower solution concentrations, i.e., 1–3 wt% (w/v), whereas a decrease in the number and size of beads and microspheres, and bead-free NFs were obtained when the concentration of solution was increased from 4 to 6 wt%.

The development in the field of nanofibers since last decade has reshaped the sense of polymer synthesis. Its high potential has rendered significant contributions in various advance applications. This featured article presents the nanofiber and its potential applications in various scientific and commercial fields. Moreover, the recent developments in the synthesis of nanofiber membranes forultra and nano filtration of water are tabulated.