Sensing coverage is a fundamental issue for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Several coverage configuration protocols have been developed; most of them presume the availability of precise knowledge about each node location via GPS receivers. However, equipping each sensor node with a GPS is very expensive in terms of both energy and cost. On the other hand, several GPS-less localization algorithms that aim at obtaining nodes locations with a low cost have been proposed. Although their deep correlation, sensing coverage and localization have long been treated separately.

Spatial mode division multiplexing (MDM) exploiting the emerging few mode fiber (FMF)
technology is one potential candidate for next generation Petabyte optical communication links. In this
work, we focus on the design issues and specifications of the next generation FMF that will better enable
future MDM networks. These systems suffer from two main optical fiber impairments: intermodal
coupling and dispersion. In this research, we focus on the dispersion management issues through