This course is taught in the form of typed notes. It introduces the students to the meaning of translation, its   methods and approaches. It represents a brief review of the historical development of the translation theory.  It also acquaints the students with tools and rules of translation. It introduces the students to the different kinds of translation and interpretation, the required competencies of the translator, his linguistic and professional background, and his ethical responsibility. The course discusses methods of evaluating and grading translated works.

A. Course Description:
 
  This practicum provides students with the competencies that are pertaining to monitoring and management of critically ill patients in a variety of critical care settings. Emphasis is placed on analysis of patient’s data and their responses to nursing interventions are emphasized.