Software cost estimation approximate judgment of the cost and time required to complete the project successfully. The cost estimation is usually measured in terms of effort. The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is one of the most important model for software cost estimation. In this paper, soft computing techniques: genetic algorithm has been used for tuning the parameters of COCOMO model to predicate the software cost more accurately. Moreover, the performance of proposed methods compared through COCOMO NASA Data Set were used.

Abstract— In each year there are thousands of people die due to prostate cancer. Near-infrared (NIRF) optical imaging is a new technique that uses the high absorption of hemoglobin in prostate's cancer cells for early detection. We use Image segmentation method to segment and extract the cancer region in the prostate's infrared images. In this paper, two image segmentation methods: K-means algorithm and fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithms are discussed and compared.

The aim of the present study was to determine the content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in Capsicum samples collected from city markets in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), calculate their pungency in Scoville heat units (SHU) and evaluate the average daily intake of capsaicin for the population of Riyadh. The investigated samples consisted of hot chillies, red chillies, green chillies, green peppers, red peppers and yellow peppers.

High performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) method has been employed for the simultaneous determination of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in aspirin C effervescent tablets. Chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was performed by reversed–phase using a Betasil C18 column with particle size of 3 µm, 150 mm × 4.6 mm I.D. Optimum separation was achieved in isocratic mode with a binary mobile phase (mixture of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% of formic acid, 75:25, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1.

    In the present work, a rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been proposed for the analysis of capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin) present in different Capsicum samples. Extraction of capsaicinoids was carried out by liquid–liquid

           Aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 are toxic secondary metabolites produced by
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and posses a potential threat to food safety. In
the present work, liquid–liquid extraction and ultraperformance LC-MS/MS method has

In this study the determination of pesticide residues namely, malathion in cucumber collected from local markets in Riyadh city has been carried out. Samples of treated cucumbers were collected and analyzed during a 14 days period for

A broad range of detection techniques used for practical analysis and detection of aflatoxins are available. This chapter highlighted some recent developments and new techniques about aflatoxins analysis in food via UPLC/MS. As shown, though there have been several recent successes in detection of aflatoxins, new methods are still required to achieve higher sensitivity and address other challenges that are posed by these toxins.