The increasing consumption of oil-refined products on OPEC countries will have its impact on the availability of oil exports. The goal of this paper is to examine the determinants of oil refined products’ consumption for a panel consisting of 7 OPEC countries, namely, Algeria, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Emirates and Iran for the period of 1980–2010, by employing the recently developed panel data unit root tests and panel data cointegration techniques.

OPEC′s domestic oil  consumption has increased seven-fold in  40  years, to 8.5  million barrels per day (mbd). They consume almost as much oil as China. This  constitutes one-fourth of their production. Such rapid growth in  consumption (5.1%  annually, faster than their income growth of  3.1%)  will  challenge OPEC′s ability to increase their oil  exports, which are relied upon in  long-term world oil  projections by the International Energy Agency (IEA), US Department of Energy (DOE/EIA)  and British Petroleum (BP).

We  analyze the rapid growth of  Saudi Arabia’s domestic  oil  consumption, a  nine-fold increase in  40 years, to nearly 3  million barrels per day, about  one-fourth  of  production. Such rapid growth in consumption – 5.7% annually, which is 37% faster than its income growth of 4.2% – will challenge Saudi Arabia’s ability to increase its oil  exports, which are relied upon in  long-term world oil  projections by the International  Energy Agency (IEA),  US  Department of  Energy (DOE)  and  British Petroleum  (BP).

كان لانخفاض الثقة الدور الرئيس في تباطؤ الاقتصاد ؛ حيث أدى ذلك إلى انخفاض القروض 2009السعودي عام المصرفية والإنفاق من قبل الشركات والأفراد، وكذلك تراجع 

This study examines the growth in oil demand in selected Asian countries over the 1982-2002 period.  In particular, it analyses GDP and price in relation to oil demand. The demand for crude oil imports for the Asian countries. Which will be divided into four groups: first,  Newly Industrializing Economics (NIEs) e.g. Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, as one group; second, OECD countries (Japan, and South Korea); Third is China fourth, South Asia (India and Pakistan).

ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴــﺔ ﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍ ﻟﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ﻜﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻟﻠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ ﻜﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ .

تعتبر الزراعة أهم مورد انتاجي لتحقيق الامن الغذائي في العالم، ومن منطلق أن الارشاد الزراعي يعد بمثابة قاطرة التنمية الزراعية المستدامة، وذلك من خلال ما يقوم به من دور تعليمي، من اجل الحفاظ على وتنمية ورفع كفاءة الموارد الزراعية الحدودة المتاحة، وخاصة الموارد المائية، فان الارشاد الزراعي يمكن أن يقوم بالعديد من الادوار التي من شأنها رفع كفاءة المزارع معرفياً، ومهارياً، واتجاهياً وذلك من خلال دوره التعليمي.
 وعليه فان هذه الورقة تركز بشكل أساسي على دور الارشاد الزراعي في تحقيق الأمن الغذائي بالمملكة العربية السعودية بشكل خاص، وفي دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي بشكل عام.