Industrialization and anthropogenic activities are constantly introducing heavy metals in biosphere,
which is becoming a serious global issue. Arsenic and cadmium are known human carcinogens, while exposure of
lead is also very toxic for human body. In the present study, anti-proliferative effects of arsenic, cadmium and lead
were investigated on rat pups brain cells (RPBCs). RPBCs were isolated from one day old rat pup after dissection of
brain. Anti-proliferative effects of arsenic, cadmium and lead were tested by neutral red uptake assay. Both arsenic
Histopathological changes have been recorded in the gills, liver and intestinal tissue of Labeo rohita
from River Ravi receiving industrial waste. Varying concentrations of Pb and Cu were recorded in
the liver, gills and intestine of Labeo rohita. The pronounced histopathological changes like
degeneration, necrosis and disorganization of lamellae and hyperplasia of epithelial cells was
observed in the gills of the fish collected from a polluted site as compared to the fish from a control
يشتمل المقرر على 12 وحدة دراسية
تتضمن التعريف بالثقافة الاسلامية واهميتها ومجالااتها ومصادرها وروافدها وخصائصها
والحضارة الإسلامية وأصول الإيمان الستة والشريعة الاسلامية وابرز مقاصدها والعبادات في الإسلام وحِكمها
تعنى النظريات الاجتماعية بعلم الاجتماع حيث نقوم فيها بدراسة تاريخ النظرية وانواع النظريات في علم الاجتماع وتطبيق النظرية على الواقع الاجتماعي حتى يتسنى لطلابات معرفة النظرية ودورها في البحث العلمي وفهم الواقع والتنبؤ به