The most suitable secondary structures of SSU rRNA of Euplotes adiculatus lahorensis and two new
subspecies Tetrahymena tropicalis lahorensis subsp. nov. and Euplotes muscicola SBSrc subsp. nov. are being
proposed based on minimum free energy. These ciliates were highly resistant to copper with minimum inhibitory
concentration of 50 ppm. T. t. lahorensis SSU rRNA structure with 564 base pairs consists of 117 stems, while the
free energy of the structure is -380.71 kcal at 37 ºC. The SS rRNA structure of E. muscicola SBSrc has 126 stems and

Muhammad Tahir Asghar,1 K Al-Ghanim,2 Shahid Mahboob,2,3 Muhammad Sharif,4
Jawad Nazir,5 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,6*

We aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of selected four trace metals (Cd, Ni, Zn and
Co) in four tissues (muscles, skin, gills and liver) of a freshwater fish Wallago attu (lanchi) from
three different sites (upstream, middle stream and downstream) of the Indus River in Mianwali
district of Pakistan. Heavy metal contents in water samples and from different selected tissues of
fish were examined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were statistically compared

Healthy and active Clarias gariepinus were
exposed to acute and sub-lethal concentrations of
DDT for a period of 96 hours and 30 days,
respectively. The 96 h LC50 was registered as 1.55
mg/l. It has been observed that protein concentration
was decreased, and the glucose was elevated in the
plasma of treated fish. Sub-lethal DDT exposure has
decreased significantly (P<0.05) the level of
glycogen in muscle and liver. The DDT has caused
a decrease in the counts of erythrocyte (RBC) and

Various concentrations of biotin were tested in order to achieve fluent excretion of glutamic acid (glu) in a fermentation
medium composed of a locally isolated Corynebacterium glutamicum strain. The behaviour of the strain was observed to
vary with varying concentrations of biotin. Maximum values for specific growth rate (μ, h-1), cell mass yield (Yx/s, g/g),
substrate consumption rate (QS, g/l h) and cell mass specific productivity (qX, g/g h) were 0.34, 0.24, 2.92 and 1.43,

A new copper metallothionein (TfCuMT) gene has been identified from a locally isolated ciliate Tetrahymena farahensis. It contains 327
nucleotides encoding a peptide chain of 108 amino acids and belongs to class MTT2 and subfamily 7b. Amplification from both gDNA
and mRNA confirmed the intronless nature of this gene. Like most of the metallohtioneins, cysteine residues contribute nearly 30%
content with the specific CKC motifs. Structural repeats present in peptide sequence of TfCuMT indicate internal duplication of gene at

Constitutive activation of mutant K ras (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue) and disassembly of E-cadherin–catenin complex
(E-cadherin, a-catenin, b-catenin, and g-catenin) play an important role in apoptosis, differentiation, and cell proliferation. In this study, the
expression pattern of K ras and E-cadherin–catenin complex has been evaluated in normal and mutant colorectal cancer cell lines with an
object to determine its impact on disassociation of cells from one another. We addressed the expression analysis of K ras with reference to its