External structure: cuticle structure and function, structure of head, thorax and abdomen; internal structure (anatomy): structure of the digestive, excretory, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and endocrine systems and types and functions of hormones; structure of the reproductive system; insect growth and development (metamorphosis): eggs and fertilization, types of larvae and pupae; general insect taxonomy: apterygota, pterygota (exopterygota and endopterygota).

Structure, function and cytogenetics of the animal cell; different animal tissues; general characteristics and taxonomy of the Animal Kingdom; general characteristics of Subkingdom Protozoa with selected representative examples; taxonomy and characteristics of the Animal Kingdom from Porifera to Chordata with selected representative examples; an introduction in animal physiology with special emphasis on nutrition, digestion and metabolism, blood composition and functions.