Abstract
Objective: In orthopaedics, novel bioactive composites are largely needed to improve the synthetic
achievement of the implants. In this work, semiconducting metal oxides such as SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2
particles (Ps) were used individually and in different ratios to obtain different biphasic composites. The
immunotoxicity of these composites was tested to inspect the potential toxicity prior to their use in further
medical applications.
Materials and methods: In vitro mineralisation ability was inspected by soaking the composites in