Seeds and germination. Water relations. Mineral nutrition. Biological nitrogen fixation. Energy and photosynthesis.  The physiological basis of crop production efficiency. Transport and partitioning. Growth and development. Root growth. Vegetative growth. Flowering and fruiting. Growth analysis. Use of plant growth regulators in agricultural crops.  Applied case studies.

Water properties and functions. Aqueous solutions and measuring concentration. Plant cell water relations. Water potential and its components. The importance of water in plants. Water in soil and plants. Root growth and functions. Absorption mechanisms and water movement through plants. Factors affecting the absorption of water. Evapotranspiration and crop water consumption. Agricultural crop water requirements. Water use conservation. Water deficits and plant growth. Drought and tolerance mechanisms. Salts and crop water status. Measurement of water status in soil and plant.

Environmental stresses; definitions, sources, types, interactions and effects on plant growth stages (seed germination, vegetative stage, flowering and reproductive stages). Effect of stresses on plant physiological process (water and minerals absorption, photosynthesis, respiration, translocation and partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen fixation and hormonal balance). Plant response to stresses (adaptation, hardening, resistance and physiological mechanisms). Factors affecting plant resistance to environmental stress.

Plant cell structure and functions. Plant cell water relations. Photosynthesis and respiration (photo and thermo chemical reactions, analysis photosynthetic pathways of C3, C4 and Crassulacean acid metabolism [CAM] and the effect of environmental factors). Photosynthetic efficiency in agricultural crops (photosynthesis, photorespiration, the potential for increasing crop photosynthesis, canopy architecture and interception of solar radiation, optimum and maximum leaf area indices). Translocation in phloem. Source-sink relationship. Dry-matter partitioning.

مقرر مهارات التعلم والتفكير والبحث

Interns & Residents

Third Year Medical Student, Bedside Teaching