Retailing plays a key role in the economic development of a country. Retail is the 2nd largest industry in the US in terms of numbers of employees as well as in terms of establishment. The number of employees engaged in retail sector in one way or other way is more than 23 million and they generate revenue high than $3milion per year. Pakistan retail sector play a key role in the economy of the country. The total turnover of the retail sector in Pakistan is 17% of the GDP.

~~Purpose Despite the growing debate about Customer Relationship Management has gained a lot of importance in the 21st century because of globalization and new technology advancement there is little research on role of CRM in banking sector of Pakistan.

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to propose a unified model to connect the three subcomponents

of the country of origin (COO) with price, quality and consumer perceptions of or intentions regarding

a product. COO refers to the country with which a manufacturer’s product or brand is associated. COO

can be broken down into three subcomponents: the country of design, the country of assembly and the

country of parts.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study reviews the COO research that has been conducted in

This is an attempt to find out the effect of higher education on the productivity of students and professionals getting this education. We analyzed the results on the basis of literature available around the world. Many researchers determine this impact in different countries on different levels of knowledge management.

The discovery of interrelationship among intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Nation Branding (NB) and Economic Development (ED) is a recent phenomenon which highlights non-material aspects of a country as a consistent source of economic development. The importance of human and intellectual capital and increasing shares of services in global market are becoming emerging phenomena worldwide. This paper highlights the interrelationship among IPRs, NB and ED to reveal the role of the non-material and nonconventional dimensions such IPRs and NB in Economic development.