Temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) and crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF) fractionate semicrystalline polymers according to their crystallizabilities from dilute solution and have been widely used to measure the CCD of LLDPE. A new fractionation technique, known as crystallization elution fractionation (CEF), has been developed recently. The main difference between CEF and TREF and CRYSTAF is that the crystallization cycle in CEF is performed dynamically under solvent flow in a long column that contains an inert support material.

Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts produce polyolefins that have broad distributions of molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition (CCD). For such broad distributions, mathematical models are useful to quantify the information provided by polyolefin analytical techniques such as high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC), temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF), and crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF).

Polyolefins made with Ziegler–Natta catalysts have non-uniform distributions of molecular weight (MWD) and chemical composition (CCD). The MWD is usually measured by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the CCD by either temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) or crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). A mathematical model is needed to quantify the information provided by these analytical techniques and to relate it to the presence of multiple site types on Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in the College of Dentistry at King Saud University (CDKSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Five hundred mothers who visited the dental clinic in CDKSU during a two-month period took part in the study. Data were collected via a questionnaire which contained socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers and the feeding practices of their infants.