Dry reforming of methane (CH₄) with carbon dioxide (CO₂) catalysts produces synthesis gas at atmospheric pressure. Synthesis gas is important feed stock to chemical and petrochemical industries to produce chemicals such as methanol and ammonia. It is also a source of hydrogen that is potential to fuel cells. Reforming reactions have also environmental benefit as CO₂ and CH₄, which are classified as green house gases, that cause global warming, are consumed.

Random and highly aligned bead-free chitosan nanofibers (NFs) were successfully prepared via electrospinning by keeping the applied voltage (22 kV), flow rate (0.4 mL h−1), needle diameter (0.8 mm), and needle to collector distance (100 mm) constant while varying the solution concentration and collector rotation speed. No electrospinning was observed for lower solution concentrations, i.e., 1–3 wt% (w/v), whereas a decrease in the number and size of beads and microspheres, and bead-free NFs were obtained when the concentration of solution was increased from 4 to 6 wt%.

Chemical recycling of post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into useful feedstock was carried out in the presence of novel mesoporous metal oxide spinel catalysts. ZnO (hexagonal), metal oxide spinels (Co₃O₄ and Mn₃O₄), and mixed metal oxide spinel (ZnMn₂O₄, CoMn₂O₄, and ZnCo₂O₄) catalysts were synthesised via the precipitation or co-precipitation method.