Dual optical microRNA (miRNA) imaging systems, bioluminescent reporter gene (a signal-off mechanism)-
or fluorescent molecular beacon (MB) (a signal-on mechanism)-based miRNA imaging system, have individually
allowed us to sense miRNA biogenesis in a noninvasive and iterative manner. Both of these imaging
systems have shortcomings with respect to image quality. Therefore, we designed a dual optical imaging
systems by simultaneous imaging of a miRNA-1 reporter gene (CMV/Gluc/3xPT_miR-1) and miRNA-1MB in