In this course, students should study the following topics: characteristics and advantages of the database management systems (DBMS), database concepts and architecture; data models, database schemes and instances, DBMS and the concept of program-data independence, database languages and interfaces, database models, relational data model and relational algebra, relational model constraints; domains, keys, and integrity constraints, the structured query language (SQL); data definition, queries, update, statements, and views in SQL, database design; functional dependencies, normal forms.

This is an introductory course that provides fairly substantial knowledge about how historical events in England have affected and caused changes in the language throughout different periods; Old English, Middle English and Early Modern Era. The course is bifocal. First, there is a review of the political, social and intellectual factors that have determined the development of language in each period. Then, a close study of the internal structure of language in each is made. The course covers both historical events as well as language development. 

The general aim of this course is to give the students the necessary knowledge and skills for conducting research in educational linguistics (Applied Linguistics). To achieve this aim, the course will deal with the following general areas: 1-The concept of research and its relationship to reasoning and science; 2-Modes of research and the scientific methods;3-Types of variables in research; 4-Elementry descriptive and inferential statistics;5-Measurements; 6-Writing a paper/thesis ; 7-The use of computer in research; 8-Evaluating research. 

Part I: Discrete time model

1. Binomial trees and arbitrage
   1. One period Binomial model
   2. Multiperiod Binomial model
   3. Summary : pricing algorithms
2. Practice: Spreadsheets to compute stocks and option trees.

 
Part II: Continuous time models