محاضر | قسم البصريات

العنوان: كلية العلوم الطبية التطبيقية , الدور الثالث | الهاتف: 0118053100

المواد الدراسية

Orthoptic / OPTO 420
المزيد

Anatomy and Physiology

بواسطة smulla في 26 يناير 2017

1- Human Skull  

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/cranium.jsp

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/skullviews.jsp

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/landmarks.jsp

Cranial Bone:

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/cranialbones.jsp

Facial Bone:

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/facialbones.jsp

2- Nerves:

Facial Nerve:

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/peripheralnerves.jsp

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn7.htm

Trigeminal Nerve:

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/trigeminal.jsp

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn5.htm

3-Oculomotor Nerve:

CN II. Optic Nerve

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn2.htm

CN III. Oculomotor Nerve

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn3.htm

CN IV. Trochlear Nerve

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn4.htm

CN VI. Abducens Nerve

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/grossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn6.htm

4- Eye Muscles:

http://www.face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/eyemuscles.jsp

5- Retina:

PART 1: Anatomy of The Eye:

  1. Introduction

PART 2

Anatomy and Physiology of the retina

  1. Photoreceptors
  2. Light microscopy and ultrastructure of rods and cones
  3. Outer segment generation
  4. Visual pigments and visual transduction
  5. Phagocytosis of outer segments by pigment epithelium
  6. Different types of cones
  7. Morphology of the S-cones
  8. Densities of rods and cones in the human retina
  9. Rods and night vision
  10. Ultrastructure of rod and cone synaptic endings
  11. Outer plexiform layer
  12. Techniques that have been used to understand neural pathways in the retina
  13. Bipolar cells
  14. Horizontal cells
  15. S-Potentials and Horizontal cells. by Ido Perlman, Helga Kolb and Ralph Nelson
  16. History
  17. Morphology and Circuitry
  18. Physiological Types
  19. Rod and cone contributions and passive electrical models
  20. Ionic conductances
  21. Gap junctions and spatial characteristics
  22. Feedback
  23. Modulation of physiology
  24. Inner plexiform layer
  25. Bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells interact in the IPL
  26. Ultrastructure of the neuropil
  27. Different morphological types of amacrine and ganglion cells
  28. Morphology and Circuitry of Ganglion cells
  29. General morphology
  30. Alpha and beta ganglion cell types of mammalian retinas
  31. Non alpha and non beta ganglion cell types in mammalian retinas
  32. Convergence of photoreceptors and second order neurons to cat retinal ganglion cells
  33. Identity of amacrine cell types inputting cat alpha and beta ganglion cells
  34. Primate ganglion cells
  35. Visual Responses of Ganglion cells. By Ralph Nelson
  36. Overview
  37. History of Electrical Recordings
  38. ON and OFF Responses
  39. Receptive field
  40. Centers and Surrounds
  41. Contrast Sensitivity functions and Difference of Gaussians
  42. X and Y receptive fields
  43. Directionally Selective Ganglion Cells
  44. Modeling Directional Selectivity
  45. Pharmacology of Directional Selectivity
  46. Color and Spectral Responses
  47. Color and Receptive Fields
  48. Tonic and phasic ganglion cells of primate retina
  49. Color properties of primate ganglion cells
  50. Rod signals in retinal ganglion cells
  51. Rod signals are delayed
  52. Detection of light quanta by retinal ganglion cells
  53. Receptive field alterations with rod vision
  54. Spatial distribution of ganglion cell fields
  55. Ganglion cell mosaics and spatial resolution
  56. Correlated firing of neighboring ganglion cells
  57. Neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic currents
  58. Ganglion cells that are involved in the circadian clock
  59. Melanopsin Ganglion Cells: A Bit of Fly in the Mammalian Eye. By Dustin Graham
  60. References
  61. Introduction
  62. History and discovery
  63. Melanopsin
  64. ipRGC form and function
  65. Phototransduction: a bit of fly in the mammalian eye
  66. Synaptic connectivity with classic rod/cone photoreceptors
  67. Central projections
  68. Behavioral aspects of ipRGC function
  69. Adaptation
  70. Intra-retinal signaling
  71. Glial cells of the retina
  72. Conclusions and questions
  73. References
  74. Muller Cells
  75. Astrocytes
  76. Microglial cells
  77. References
  78. Rabbit ganglion cells
  79. References
  80. Stratification of amacrine and ganglion cells in relationship to bipolar cell axons
  81. References
  82. Functional Roles
  83. References
  84. ON and OFF pathways of the retina are initiated at the photoreceptor to bipolar contacts
  85. References
  86. Inter-photoreceptor contacts at gap junctions
  87. References

PART 3:

Retinal circuits

  1. Circuitry for Rod Signals
  2. Rods
  3. Rod bipolar cells
  4. Rod amacrine cells
  5. AII amacrine cells
  6. A17 amacrine cells
  7. A18 amacrine cells
  8. Convergence in the rod pathway
  9. Cone pathways through the retina
  10. Circuitry for cone signals
  11. ON and OFF pathways
  12. Roles of Amacrine Cells
  13. General characteristics
  14. Amacrine cell circuitry as revealed by EM
  15. A2: a narrow-field, cone pathway amacrine cell
  16. AII: a bistratified rod amacrine cell
  17. A8: a bistratified cone amacrine cell
  18. A13: a small-field amacrine cell of the cone system
  19. A17: the wide-field reciprocal rod amacrine cell
  20. A19 and A20: ON-OFF wide-field amacrine cells
  21. A22: a putative substance P containing ON-OFF neuron of the cone system
  22. A18: the dopaminergic amacrine cell
  23. ACh amacrines: mirror symmetric starburst cells
  24. DAPI-3 cells in the rabbit retina
  25. AII Amacrine Cells. By Mahnoosh Farsaii and Victoria P. Connaughton.
  26. Introduction
  27. Morphology and Distribution
  28. Synaptic connectivity
  29. Physiological responses
  30. Midget Pathways of the primate retina underly resolution
  31. General characteristics
  32. Visual acuity starts with cone spacing and midget circuitry
  33. Cone to midget bipolar cell connections
  34. Midget ganglion cells
  35. S-cone pathways
  36. Blue cones
  37. S-cone bipolar cell
  38. S-cone horizontal cell
  39. S-cone ganglion cell
  40. Feedback Loops
  41. General characteristics
  42. Feedback in the outer retina
  43. Interplexiform cells
  44. Dopaminergic cells in mammals
  45. Centrifugal fibers in mammalian retinas
  46. References
  47. Hypothetical wiring diagrams of the S-cone pathways
  48. References
  49. Circuits underlying red and green color opponency in the human retina
  50. References
  51. Role in duplex vision
  52. References
  53. Midget system amacrine cell
  54. References
  55. Center-surround receptive fields
  56. References
  57. Summary
  58. References

PART 4:

Neurotransmitters in the Retina

  1. General characteristics
  2. The neurotransmitter of neurons of the vertical pathways through the retina is glutamate
  3. Gamma aminobutyric acid
  4. Glycine
  5. Dopamine is present in amacrine cells in the mammalian retina
  6. Acetylcholine
  7. Serotonin
  8. Adenosine may be a retinal neurotransmitter
  9. Substance P occurs in an amacrine type and a ganglion cell type
  10. Other neuropeptides
  11. NADPH-diaphorase staining and the possibility that there are nitric oxide containing neurons in the retina
  12. Amacrine cell populations and mosaics arrangements are revealed by neurotransmitter immunocytochemistry
  13. References

PART 5:

Bipolar cell pathways in the vertebrate retina. by Ralph Nelson and Vikki P. Connaughton

  1. Introduction
  2. Different glutamate receptor types
  3. ON and OFF stratification
  4. Electrical properties
  5. Behavioral and clinical implications
  6. Visual processing under pharmacological blockade
  7. Summary and conclusions
  8. References

 

PART 6: 

Development of cell types and synaptic connections in the retina. by Josh Morgan and Rachel Wong.

  1. Introduction
  2. Sequence of circuit assembly in the vertebrate retina
  3. Structural assembly
  4. Development of pre- and postsynaptic processes
  5. Functional assembly
  6. Development of synaptic connectivity
  7. Spontaneous activity
  8. Light responses
  9. Summary  

PART 7:

 

Color Vision. by Peter Gouras

 

PART 8: 

Psychophysics of Vision. by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu

 PART 9:

Primary Visual Cortex. by Matthew Schmolesky

  1. PART 10:  

    2.  

Regeneration in the visual system of adult mammals. by Yves Sauve and Frederic Gaillard

  1. Introduction
  2. Reconstruction of Primary Visual Pathways
  3. Requirements for recovery of function following lesions of CNS pathways
  4. Promoting the survival of axotomized RGCs
  5. Promoting the growth of axotomized RGC axons
  6. Guidance of regenerating RGC axons towards their appropriate target
  7. Arborization and synapse formation by RGC axons regenerating into their CNS targets
  8. Generation of action potentials in target neurons
  9. Restoration of retinotopy
  10. Preservation of local and downstream circuitry
  11. Evidence for some level of recovery of function in the PN-bridged retinofugal pathways
  12. Visual Function Assessment
  13. References
  • PARY 11: 

    •  

The Electroretinogram: ERG. by Ido Perlman

  1. Historical view

PART 12:

The Electroretinogram: Clinical Applications. by Donnell Creel

  1. Introduction

PART 13: 

Age-Related Macular Degeneration. by Gregory S. Hageman, Karen Gehrs, Lincoln V. Johnson and Don Anderson

  1. Introduction

    1. Clinical Aspects of AMD
    2. Pathology of AMD
    3. Physiology of Early AMD
    4. Inflammation and AMD
    5. The Complement System and AMD
    6. Molecular Genetics of AMD
    7. Therapy for AMD
    8. Conclusion
    9. References

PART  14:

Facts and figures concerning the Human Retina.

  1. Facts and figures concerning the human retina

     

Tanks to: WEB VISION