145 Chem. (Health Science)

• Hydrocarbon Compounds, Chemical Bonds (ionic, Covalent), Atomic and Molecular orbital, Hybridization, Polarity and Inductive effect.                                            
• Alkanes, Cycloalkanes (Alkyl groups, IUPAC nomenclature, Physical       properties, Sources, Synthesis. Reactions (Combustion, Halogenations, and Ring opening) 
• Alkenes and Alkynes (IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Synthesis (Dehydrohalogenation, from vicinal dihalides, Dehydration). Isomerism (Geometrical isomerism of alkenes and cycloalkanes)                 
• Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes (Acidity of terminal alkynes, Addition  reactions (Reduction, Halogenations, Addition of, HCN,  HX – Markovnikov’s rule, Carbonium ions and their stability), Hydration, Halohydrin formation),  Oxidation of Alkenes (KMnO4, Peroxides       and Ozonolysis).         
• Aromatic Compound (Aromaic character, Hukel rule, Nomenlature, Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions (Alkylation, Acylation, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Nitration), Side chain halogenations and oxidation. Orientation in monsubstituted benzenes derivatives.                                                                   Alkyl halides: IUPAC nomenclature, classification,Physical properties,   Synthesis(alcohols with PX3,PX5,SOCl2), Grignard reagents, Nucleophilic     substitution(CN-, HO-, NH3,…….).                            

• Alcohols: IUPAC nomenclature, classification, Physical properties, hydrogen bonding. Synthesis(….from Aldehydes and Ketones, reaction of Grignard reag. With Aldehydes and Ketones). Reactions: …. Acidity, Formation of esters, ethers, Water elim. Ethers and Epoxides: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Wiliamson Synthesis, Epoxides from alkenes and halohydrins).  Reactions: HI, Epoxides with acids, bases and Grignard reagents.                                                                                                                         
• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, Physical properties. Synthesis: (Reduction af amide and nitro compounds). Reactions: Basicity Formation of diazonium salts.
• Phenols:hydrogen bonding, Acidity. Synthesis (from Sulphone salts and Diazonium salts).  Formation of esters, Oxidation.     
• Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Synthesis (Oxidation of alcohols,1o,2o, Rosenmond’s reductions) Reactions: Nucleophilic addition (Addition of Grignard reagent, HCN, H2O), Acetals and Ketals, Hyddrazones and oximes.  
• Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Synthesis (Alkyl and arylNitrile hydrolysis, reaction with CO2). Reactions (acidity, Formation of salts, acid halides and esters, Haloform, Reduction).                Carboxylic acid derivatives: Nomenclature and synthesis and reaction (hydrolysis),