GRAMMAR
By alsareej on 30 Jan 2014
GRAMMAR
I- THE (Verb To Be);
He They
She is We are
It You
I am
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II- The indefinite ( a - an );
*We use a / an before singular nouns.
*We use (a) before consonants sounds ( b,c,d,f,etc…..).
For example: a doctor _ a pilot
*We use (an) before vowel sounds ( a,e,I,o,u).
For example; an apple _ an armchair
III- Using ( has got – have got);
He I
She has got We have got
it They
you
GRAMMAR*2
1- USING (CAN) :
*We use can to express ability or a polite request.
*We use can + the base form of a verb(infinitive verb).
*To express ability for example;
Mona can cook very well.
*For a polite request for example;
Can you help me , please?
2- Plurals :
- Most nouns take –s in the plural
for example; rooms _chairs
- Nouns ending in s , ch , sh, ss take –es in the plural.
For example; addresses _ brushes
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3- Using (that, those) and (this, these) :
- We use that & those for things far from us.
For example; that is a pen. Those are pens. (far things)
- We use this & these for things near us.
For example; this is a door. These are doors .(near things)
4- Using there is & there are ;
- We use there is in the singular.
For example; There is a bed in the bedroom.
- We use there are in the plural.
For example; There are two trees in the garden.
- We use some in the plural & affirmative.
For example; There are some chairs in the garden.
- We use any in the plural , negative & interrogative.
For example; There aren’t any chairs in the garden.
Are there any chairs in the kitchen?
GRAMMAR *3
1 - Prepositions of place ;
There are many prepositions in English such as ; in , on , under, behind, next to, in front of ……
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2- Possessive Case ;
We add 's when a noun is singular to show possession.
For example ;
This is the boy's ball.
We add ' when a noun is plural and ends in –s to show possession.
For example;
This is the girls ' ball.
We add 's to the last noun of a phrase to show possession.
For example;
This is Ann and John 's mother.
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3- Personal Pronouns ;
We have Subject Pronouns; such as I. you. He. She. It. We. You. They.
We have also Object Pronouns; such as me. You. Him. Her. It. Us. You. Them.
For example; I am talking to you.
She is phoning him.
4- Possessive Adjectives ;
My. Your. His. Her. Its. Our. Your. Their.
They come before a noun , such as;
My book _ your book _ his book _ her book _ our book .etc….
5- Possessive Pronouns ;
Mine. Yours. His. Hers. Its. Ours. Yours. Theirs.
They don’t take a noun after them. Such as;
This book is mine _ This book is hers _ This book is ours ..etc
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6- We use (whose?) to ask who the possessor is.
For example; Whose dog is it ? It is mine. Whose house is it ? It is ours.
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7- We use (who's?) to ask about persons.
For example; Who's Nora? She is my sister.
GRAMMAR *3
1 - Prepositions of place ;
There are many prepositions in English such as ; in , on , under, behind, next to, in front of ……
*************************************************
2- Possessive Case ;
We add 's when a noun is singular to show possession.
For example ;
This is the boy's ball.
We add ' when a noun is plural and ends in –s to show possession.
For example;
This is the girls ' ball.
We add 's to the last noun of a phrase to show possession.
For example;
This is Ann and John 's mother.
*******************************************************
3- Personal Pronouns ;
We have Subject Pronouns; such as I. you. He. She. It. We. You. They.
We have also Object Pronouns; such as me. You. Him. Her. It. Us. You. Them.
For example; I am talking to you.
She is phoning him.
4- Possessive Adjectives ;
My. Your. His. Her. Its. Our. Your. Their.
They come before a noun , such as;
My book _ your book _ his book _ her book _ our book .etc….
5- Possessive Pronouns ;
Mine. Yours. His. Hers. Its. Ours. Yours. Theirs.
They don’t take a noun after them. Such as;
This book is mine _ This book is hers _ This book is ours ..etc
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6- We use (whose?) to ask who the possessor is.
For example; Whose dog is it ? It is mine. Whose house is it ? It is ours.
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7- We use (who's?) to ask about persons.
For example; Who's Nora? She is my sister.
GRAMMAR *4
1- Present Simple ;
* We use the present simple for daily routines, permanent states and repeated actions.
Most verbs take S in the affirmative third person singular ;
(He – She – It) they take S with the verbs.
For example; He reads a book everyday.
She reads a book everyday.
It gets up early everyday
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*(they – we – you – I ) take the base form of the verb (infinitive verbs).
For example ; they read a book everyday.
We read a book everyday.
I read a book everyday.
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For questions and negative We use Does / Do .
He – She – it take Does.(in this case the verb doesn’t take S)
They – we – I – you take Do.
For example; Does she work hard?
Do they work hard?
He doesn’t work hard.
They don’t work hard.
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2- Present Continuous ;
To form the present continuous we use the verb 'to be' (is – are – am) and add ing to the base form of the main verb.
We use this tense in action that is happening NOW , At the moment, at present .
For example; He is sleeping now.
I am sleeping at the moment.
They are sleeping now.
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NOTICE (WE use the present simple to talk about habits and daily.) & ( We use the present continuous to talk about actions happening now, at the moment of speaking)
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