Test Practice اختبار تدريبي

• المقرر الدراسي: ENG 492: HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE- نجل 492 تاريخ اللغة الإنجليزية

Fill in the missing speces in the sentences below:

• The first settlers in Britain to leave a linguistic legacy were ...............................
• The use of Latin by native Britons was probably confined to members of the .............................. and some ...............................
• About the year 449 A.D. began the invasion of Britain by certain .............................. .
• The settlement of the Jutes was a very different thing from the conquest of the island by the .............................. who came to rule the Celtic population, not to dispossess it.
• The Celts were .............................. to keep the invaders out when the Romans withdrew from the island.
• The .............................. destroyed centers of Christianity such as the monasteries.
• Alfred and the Viking chieftains, Guthrum, signed a Treaty in which the latter stays in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. This territory became known as the ...............................
• Spelling in .............................. appears to bear some relation to pronunciation since it represents no difference in the spoken language.
• MnE is an .............................. language since it makes extensive use of prepositions and auxiliary verbs and depends upon word order to show other relationships.
• OE vocabulary was primarily .............................., with comparatively smaller amounts of loans from Latin, Celtic and Old Norse.
• OE vocabulary is considered a resourceful in its heavy reliance on .............................. and .............................. .
• The subject and the object in .............................. do not have distinctive forms or inflectional endings to indicate the other relations marked by case endings.
• Modern English has inherited a few .............................. compounds from OE, such as hussy (hūs + wĩf  ‘housewife’).
• OE resembles modern German in its .............................. .
• There are more permissible .............................. in OE than in MnE.
• OE is considered a largely .............................. system, or one which makes use of morphs that carry more than one unit of lexical or grammatical information.

• Personal pronouns in OE preserve a fairly complete system of inflections by not only in having distinctive forms for practically all genders, persons, and cases but also in preserving in addition to the ordinary two numbers, singular and plural, a set of forms for the .............................. number.
• The Modern English demonstrative .............................. was borrowed from the plural OE definite article ðā (All genders).

• OE verbs recognized 3 moods of verbs: the .............................. (stating a fact), .............................. (expressing probability, doubt, etc), and .............................. (expressing order).

• The vowels of the past tense and the past participle in some Modern English verbs are identical (break-broke-broken), while in some all three forms have become alike (bid, bid, bid); the vowel of the past tense in Old English often differs in the singular and the plural .............................. (simple past tense): wrãt - writon.

• OE vocabulary includes a number of words that the .............................. borrowed from the .............................. .                .

• The first Latin words to find their way into the English language owe their adoption to the early contact between the Romans and the .............................. tribes on the continent.
• Ceaster (Latin castra: camp) forms a familiar element in English place-names which was adopted by the Anglo-Saxons from the .............................. upon settling in England, such a Chester,Colchester, Dorchester, Manchester, Winchester, Lancaster, Doncaster, Gloucester, Worcester, and many others.

• The greatest influence of Latin upon OE was occasioned by the conversion of .............................. to Roman Christianity beginning in 597.
• There were periods of reversion to paganism, and some clashes between the .............................. and the Roman leaders over doctrine and authority, but England was slowly won over to Christianity.
• Within a hundred years of the landing of .............................. in Kent all England was Christian.
• The great majority of words in OE having to do with the church and its services and the life of the people, were borrowed from .............................. as a result of the Christianising of Britain.
• The .............................. invasions were not like the introduction of Christianity, bringing the English into contact with a different civilization and introducing them to many things, physical as well as spiritual, that they had not known before.
• Among the most notable evidences of the extensive Scandinavian settlement in England is the large number of (more than 600) places that bear Scandinavian names ending in -by meaning ‘farm’ or ‘town’, a word that is seen in our word by-law (town law), such as ...............................
• In OE most sk words were early palatalized to sh (written sc), except possibly in the combination scr, whereas in the Scandinavian countries it retained its hard .............................. sound (scip ‘ship’). 

ANSWERS: Refer to Baugh and Cable's (2002) and Singh's (2013) textbooks.