(اسس الكيمياء العضوية)Principles of Organic Chemistry

اسم المقرر: كيمياء عضوية (العلوم الصحية) رقم المقرر ورمزه: 109 كيم ، لغة تدريس المقرر: الانجليزية ، الساعات المعتمدة: 3(2+1+0) وصف المقرر : Syllabus
CHEM 109
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Introduction
Types of chemical bonds: (Ionic and covalent bonds) - Atomic and molecular orbital:
(sigma and pi bond) - Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp) - Inductive effect, polarization, and
Stability of carbocations - Classification of organic compounds and functional groups
- Types of chemical reactions: (Substitution (Free radical - electrophilic -
nucleophilic), Elimination, Oxidation and reduction reactions).
Lectures (2)
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Classes of hydrocarbons: (saturated and unsaturated) – Nomenclature: (IUPAC and
common names) – Isomerism: (Structural and Geometrical) - Physical properties of
aliphatic hydrocarbons - Preparation of saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes):
(Hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons - Hydrolysis of alkyl Grignard reagent -
Reaction of lithium dialkyl cuprates with alkyl halides) - Reactions of saturated
hydrocarbons: (Halogenations) - Preparation of Unsaturated hydrocarbons: (Alkenes
and Alkynes): (Elimination reactions (Dehydration, dehydrohalogenation and
dehalogenation reactions) and Saytzeff rule) - Reactions of Unsaturated
hydrocarbons: (Electrophilic addition reactions (Markovnikov's rule), hydrogenation,
halogenation, hydrohalogenation, and hydration - Oxidation reactions - Acidity of
alkynes).
Lectures (4)
Aromatic compounds
Aromaticity: structure and bonding requirements and Hückel's rule - Nomenclature of
aromatic compounds - Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions: (Alkylation,
acylation, halogenations, nitration and sulfonation) - Effects of substituents on
electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions - Side-chain reactions: (Oxidation of
alkylbenzenes).
Lectures (2)
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Structure, classifications and nomenclature - Physical properties - Preparation of
alcohols and phenols: (Hydration of alkenes - Nucleophilic substitution reaction of
alkyl halides - Reduction of aldehydes, ketones and acids - Addition of Grignard
compounds to aldehydes and ketones) - Preparation of Phenols: (Benzene sulfonic
acids) - Preparation of ethers (Williamson synthesis) - Reactions of Alcohols, Phenols
2
and Ethers: (Salt formation of alcohols and phenols (Acidity of phenols and Reaction
of Alcohols with Sodium metal) - Reactions of Alcohols and Ethers with Hydrogen
halides - Conversion of Alcohols to alkyl halides - Oxidation of alcohols -
Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenols) - Alcohols with More Than One
Hydroxyl Group; glycols.
Lectures (4)
 1st Midterm Exam
Aldehydes and Ketones
Structure and Nomenclature - Physical properties - Preparation of aldehydes and
ketones: (Hydration of alkynes - Ozonolysis of alkynes - Friedel-Crafts acylation -
Oxidation of alcohols) - Reactions of aldehydes and ketones: (Nucleophilic addition
reaction (addition of hydrogen cyanide, Reduction, Grignard addition, addition of
Alcohol (hemiacetal and acetal Formation), addition of ammonia and amine
derivatives).
Lectures (3)
Carbohydrates
Definitions and Classification (monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides)
– Monosaccharides: (Nomenclature - Structure (Optical isomerism, cyclic structure,
Fischer Projection, Haworth Formulas)) - Reactions of Monosaccharides: (Reduction
and oxidation of monosaccharides) – Disaccharides: (Maltose, Cellobiose, Sucrose
and Lactose) – Polysaccharides: (Cellulose and Starch)
Lectures (4)
Carboxylic acids and Their Derivatives
Structure and Nomenclature - Physical properties - Acidity of Carboxylic acids -
Preparation: (Hydrolysis of nitrile - Carbonation of Grignard reagents) - Reactions of
carboxylic acids: (Salt Formation - Ester, amide, anhydride, and acid chloride
formation).
Lectures (3)
Amines
Structure of amines - Nomenclature of amines - Physical properties of amines -
Basicity of amines - Preparation of amines: (Reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles
and amides - Alkylation of ammonia) - Reactions of amines: (Sulfa drugs - Diazonium
salts (Formation and Replacement reactions)
Lectures (2)
3
 2nd Midterm Exam.
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Sources, classification and Structure - The acid–base Properties of Amino Acids -
Reactions of amino acids: (The Ninhydrin Reaction, Peptides - Sanger reaction -
Formation of an amide linkage (The peptide bond: Proteins)) - Structure of proteins.
Lectures (4)
Nucleic Acids
Chemical Structure: (General structure (Nucleoside, Nucleotide and Nucleic acids) -
DNA; structure - RNA; structure and types).
Lectures (2)
 Final Exam.
References
- Organic chemistry: A short course by I Harold Hart, David J. Hart and Leslie E.
Craine, Houghton Mifflin Company, USA., 2012.
- Elements of Organic Chemistry (second edition) is written by Isaak Zimmerman
and Henry Zimmerman and published by Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. New
York in 1983.
- أسس الكيمياء العضوية - أ.د./ سالم بن سليم الذياب - الناشر: مؤسسة