course
145 Chem. (Health Science)
- Hydrocarbon Compounds, Chemical Bonds (ionic, Covalent), Atomic and Molecular orbital, Hybridization, Polarity and Inductive effect.
- Alkanes, Cycloalkanes (Alkyl groups, IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Sources, Synthesis. Reactions (Combustion, Halogenations, and Ring opening)
- Alkenes and Alkynes (IUPAC nomenclature, Physical properties, Synthesis (Dehydrohalogenation, from vicinal dihalides, Dehydration). Isomerism (Geometrical isomerism of alkenes and cycloalkanes)
- Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes (Acidity of terminal alkynes, Addition reactions (Reduction, Halogenations, Addition of, HCN, HX – Markovnikov’s rule, Carbonium ions and their stability), Hydration, Halohydrin formation), Oxidation of Alkenes (KMnO4, Peroxides and Ozonolysis).
- Aromatic Compound (Aromaic character, Hukel rule, Nomenlature, Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions (Alkylation, Acylation, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Nitration), Side chain halogenations and oxidation. Orientation in monsubstituted benzenes derivatives. Alkyl halides: IUPAC nomenclature, classification,Physical properties, Synthesis(alcohols with PX3,PX5,SOCl2), Grignard reagents, Nucleophilic substitution(CN-, HO-, NH3,…….).
- Alcohols: IUPAC nomenclature, classification, Physical properties, hydrogen bonding. Synthesis(….from Aldehydes and Ketones, reaction of Grignard reag. With Aldehydes and Ketones). Reactions: …. Acidity, Formation of esters, ethers, Water elim. Ethers and Epoxides: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Wiliamson Synthesis, Epoxides from alkenes and halohydrins). Reactions: HI, Epoxides with acids, bases and Grignard reagents.
- Amines: Nomenclature, classification, Physical properties. Synthesis: (Reduction af amide and nitro compounds). Reactions: Basicity Formation of diazonium salts.
- Phenols:hydrogen bonding, Acidity. Synthesis (from Sulphone salts and Diazonium salts). Formation of esters, Oxidation.
- Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Synthesis (Oxidation of alcohols,1o,2o, Rosenmond’s reductions) Reactions: Nucleophilic addition (Addition of Grignard reagent, HCN, H2O), Acetals and Ketals, Hyddrazones and oximes.
- Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature, Physical properties. Synthesis (Alkyl and arylNitrile hydrolysis, reaction with CO2). Reactions (acidity, Formation of salts, acid halides and esters, Haloform, Reduction). Carboxylic acid derivatives: Nomenclature and synthesis and reaction (hydrolysis),