Miswak mediated green synthesized palladium nanoparticles as effective catalysts for the suzuki coupling reactions in aqueous media.

Journal Article

Publication Abstract

Green and eco-friendly synthesis of palladium nanoparticles NPs is carried out under
facile and eco-friendly conditions using an aqueous solution of Salvadora persica L. (SP) root
extract (RE) as a bioreductant, which is commonly known as Miswak. The as-synthesized Pd
NPs were characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including, UV–
Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, ICP-MS and TEM. Detailed investigations of the
Pd NPs have confirmed that the polyphenolic phytomolecules present in the RE of Miswak not only
act as a bioreductant by facilitating the reduction and growth of Pd NPs, but they also functionalize
the surface of Pd NPs and stabilized them in various solvents. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of
the green synthesized Pd NPs was also tested toward the Suzuki coupling reactions of various aryl
halides in aqueous media. The as-prepared Pd NPs exhibited superior catalytic activity and
reusability for the Suzuki coupling reaction in aqueous and aerobic conditions. The kinetics of
the reaction studied by GC revealed that the conversion of various aryl halides to biphenyl takes
place in a short time.