هدفت الدراسة إلى إبراز أهمية العمل التطوعي، ودوره المتنامي في تنمية المجتمعات وتقدمها وتعزيز تماسكها؛ حيث أصبح يُنظر للعمل التطوعي "كقطاع ثالث" إلى جانب كل من القطاعين الحكومي والخاص.

The eastern and southern parts of the Faisalabad
city produce considerable quantities of industrial and municipal
pollutants, much of which is drained into the River
Chenab, reducing the productivity of fauna and flora in the
river. This study was aimed to determine whether cysteine is
useful as a biomarker of exposure to polluted fresh water. The
amino acid profile of fish muscle was analyzed by paper chromatography
in Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita from the
River Chenab to determine habitat related variations due to the

Water pollution is gradually increasing in natural waters through anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to use fish scales as a bio-indicator of pollution, along with water quality parameters, and the assessment and detection of selected heavy metals in water samples collected from the River Chenab, including the Chakbandi drain that gathers domestic sewage waste and industrial effluents from Faisalabad and deposits it into this freshwater body.