This is an introductory course to the study of speech sounds. It explores the fields of phonetics and phonology. It starts with a look at the human vocal tract and its work mechanism. Students then learn to describe and classify speech sounds based on their place and manner of articulation and voicing. After that students are trained on transcribing words and sentences using IPA. Students are then introduced to phoneme theory. They explore the relationship between phonemes and allophones as well as types of distribution.

Geo 342:  Paleoecology 2 (1+1)
The nature and classification of environments – Comparison with living representatives – Evidence of biological activity and associated sediments – Lateral and vertical variations – Geological distribution of assemblages – Trace fossils – Biodiversity – Environmental changes through geologic time (One day field trip).
 

Geo 441: Vertebrate Paleontology  2(1+1)
Origin and classification of chordates – extraction and study of vertebrate fossils – the main vertebrate classes and the appearance in the geologic record – fish and amphibians – age of dinosaurs – birds – appearance of mammals – primates and hominoids – mass extinction.
 

Geo 243: Invertebrate Paleontology 3 (2+1)
 Introduction – conditions and processes of fossilization – types of preservation – the fossil record – index fossils – biological classification – study of the most important invertebrate phyla: sponges, corals, coelenterates, mollusks, echinoderms, brachiopods, annelids, arthropods and graptolites – trace fossils. (One day field trip).