General Anesthesia
General anesthetics have been performed since 1846 when Morton demonstrated the first anesthetic (using ether) in Boston, USA.
Local anesthetics arrived later, the first being scientifically described in1884.
General anesthesia is described as a reversible state of unconsciousness with inability to respond to a standardized surgical stimulus.
In modern anesthetic practice this involves the triad of: unconsciousness, analgesia, muscle relaxation.
Content:

PERIOPERATIVE FLUID THERAPY

• Total Body Water (TBW)
• Varies with age, gender
• 55% body weight in males
• 45% body weight in females
• 80% body weight in infants
• Less in obese: fat contains little water
• Body Water Compartments
• Intracellular water: 2/3 of TBW
• Extracellular water: 1/3 TBW

Airway

Evaluation and Management

• Indications of intubation
• Resuscitation (CPR)
• Prevention of lung soiling
• Positive pressure ventilation (GA)
• Pulmonary toilet
• Patent airway (coma or near coma)
• Respiratory failure(CO2 retention )
   
• Requirement of successful intbatin
• 1-Normal roomy mandible
• 2-Normal T-M, A-O , and C-spine
• Requirements of successful intubation
  3-Alignment of 3 axes or
  

Blood transfusion

•Topic modules

1.Blood blank practices

2.Indication to blood transfusion

3.Complication

4.Alternative strategies for management of blood loss during surgery

•Blood blank practices
 

1.Human red cell membrane : least 300 different antigen

2.fortunately, only the ABO and the Rh systems are important in the majority of blood transfusion

3.History

•      Hct.

•      Infection : Hepatitis B,C  syphillis  HIV-1,2      HTLV-I,II

•

•