The fluid flow parameters associated with increase or decrease in heat transfer is identified from the
literature. Control of heat and mass transfer processes by means of external force effects is one of the most
important problems in many specialized process and manufacturing applications. The Lorentz force effect
inducing the formation of side layer jets in magnetohydrodynamic flows can potentially result in significant
variations of the heat transfer properties. Recent developments in computational modeling and experimental

Solar photovoltaic modules have reduced efficiency levels when the ambient temperature is very high. In this paper, the temperature and the efficiency of a non-concentrating flat plate collector is determined by a one dimensional steady state analysis at different solar radiation levels for the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia where the radiation intensity and ambient temperatures are very high. The effects of the high temperature on the short and long term performance of the photovoltaic modules are also discussed.