نشاطات التخطيط العمراني تتمحور حول التحكم في استخدام الآرض في المدن من اجل ايجاد بيئة مريحة وممتعة للسكن والعمل والترفيه والتسوق. هذه المادة توضح طبيعة التخطيط العمراني كنشاط جماعي يشارك فيه السكان والمطورون العقاريون والمؤسسات الحكومية والبلديات.
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have received much attention recently owing to their properties, which are similar to diamond: hardness, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance against chemicals, abrasion resistance, good biocompatibility, and uniform flat surface. Furthermore, DLC films can be deposited easily on many substrates for wide area coat at room temperature. DLC films were developed for applications as biomedical materials in blood contacting-devices (e.g., rotary blood pump) and showed good biocompatibility for these applications.