The attachment behavior of the human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts to root-end filling materials (amalgam and Super-EBA) was compared in vitro to gutta-percha by means of scanning electron microscope. STUDY DESIGN:  Amalgam and Super-EBA were placed in a prepared cavity of root slices of freshly extracted human teeth and evaluated freshly prepared. Root slices of teeth with cold-burnished gutta-percha filling with AH26 sealer were used for comparison. The root slices were placed in tissue culture cluster, and 1 mL of cell suspension was added carefully over the root slice.