Dual optical microRNA (miRNA) imaging systems, bioluminescent reporter gene (a signal-off mechanism)-

or fluorescent molecular beacon (MB) (a signal-on mechanism)-based miRNA imaging system, have individually

allowed us to sense miRNA biogenesis in a noninvasive and iterative manner. Both of these imaging

systems have shortcomings with respect to image quality. Therefore, we designed a dual optical imaging

systems by simultaneous imaging of a miRNA-1 reporter gene (CMV/Gluc/3xPT_miR-1) and miRNA-1MB in