A computational sustainable approach for energy storage systems performance evaluation based on spherical-fuzzy MCDM with considering uncertainty
Incorporating energy storage systems (ESSs) can mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources. There
are a variety of ESSs for renewable energy with vastly different characteristics. The problem of diversity of
characteristics in selecting the most appropriate ESS can be approached as a multi-criteria decision-making
(MCDM) problem. This research evaluates sustainable ESSs through a case study in Egypt. A sustainable
computational approach is presented through which experts can use verbal expressions to express their opinions
in determining the priorities of the dimensions that affect the selection of ESSs. Determining the appropriate
energy storage system requires consideration of several main dimensions such as the technology dimension,
environmental dimension, economic dimension, and social-political dimension and, in addition to the subindicators.
Hence, this research applies a hybrid MCDM approach that deals with different indicators and
characteristics. Also, uncertainty in applying the proposed approach was dealt with by a spherical fuzzy (SF)
environment and by using the spherical fuzzy numbers (SFNs). At first, the SF analytical hierarchy process (SFAHP)
method was used to assess the priorities of the four main dimensions and their sub-indicators. Then, the SF
mixed aggregation by comprehensive normalization technique (SF-MACONT) was applied to evaluate and rank
the ESSs selected for analysis through research. An illustrative case study was presented that included seven ESSs
out of the eighteen systems listed in the research to confirm the feasibility of the developed approach. Sensitivity
analysis was carried out by changing some parameters like λ, μ, δ, and ϑ based on the SF-MACONT method and
changing the weights of some main dimensions. A comparative analysis with some MCDM approaches was
conducted to show the advantages of the developed approach through its flexibility and built-in parameters. The
findings show that the technology dimension is the most influential in choosing a sustainable ESS, while the
economic dimension is the least influential. Also, the results of the evaluation and ranking of the seven selected
ESSs indicate that the "Pumped Hydro" system is the most suitable system for energy storage in Egypt.
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Incorporating energy storage systems (ESSs) can mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources. There
are a variety of ESSs for renewable energy with vastly different characteristics…